रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची - PDF ( List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry - PDF ) : अल्फ्रेड नोबेल, अपने काम में रसायन विज्ञान को सबसे महत्वपूर्ण विज्ञान मानते थे। उनके आविष्कारों के विकास के साथ-साथ औद्योगिक प्रतिक्रियाएं, जो उन्होंने नियोजित कि, वे रासायनिक विज्ञान पर आधारित थी। रसायन विज्ञान दूसरा पुरस्कार क्षेत्र था; जिसका उल्लेख अल्फ्रेड नोबेल ने अपनी वसीयत में किया था। आज की पोस्ट में हम आपको रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार के बारे में तथा विजेताओं सूचि के बारे में जानकारी प्रदान कर रहे हैं।

रसायन विज्ञान में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची - PDF DOWNLOAD - Technical Prajapati

• 1. रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार
• 2. रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार - त्वरित तथ्य
• 3. रसायन विज्ञान के लिए नोबेल पदक और डिप्लोमा
• 4. रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची - PDF Download के साथ
• 5. इस जानकारी की PDF File Download

रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार

प्रतिवर्ष एक व्यक्ति जिसने रासायनिक विज्ञान में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण रासायनिक खोज या सुधार किया होगा। अल्फ्रेड नोबेल की वसीयत के अनुसार - उस वर्ष का रसायन शास्त्र नोबेल पुरस्कार उसे प्रदान किया जाएगा। इसी के साथ वर्ष 2019 का रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार अकिरा योशिनो (सुइता, जापान), एम.स्टेनली विटिंगम (यूनाइटेड किंगडम), जॉन बी. गुडएनफ (जेना, जर्मनी) को संयुक्त रूप से प्रदान किया गया।

दोस्तों, 27 नवंबर 1895 को अल्फ्रेड नोबेल ने अपनी आखिरी वसीयत और वसीयतनामा पर हस्ताक्षर किया। इस वसीयत और वसीयतनामा के अनुसार - रसायन विज्ञान, भौतिक विज्ञान, चिकित्सा, साहित्य और शांति नोबेल पुरस्कार के लिए उन्होंने अपने जीवन की कमाई का सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा दिया। प्रतिवर्ष उन्हीं पैसों से प्राप्त ब्याज से इन पुरस्कारों के लिए धनराशि दी जाती है। वर्तमान में नोबेल प्राइज विजेता को 9 मिलियन स्वीडिश क्राउन (SEK) की धनराशि प्रदान की जाती है। इसी के साथ 1968 में स्वीडन के केंद्रीय बैंक (Sveriges Riksbank) ने अल्फ्रेड नोबेल की स्मृति में आर्थिक विज्ञान में Sveriges Riksbank Prize की स्थापना की। इस प्रकार नोबेल पुरस्कार कुल 6 क्षेत्रों में दिया जाता है।

रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार - त्वरित तथ्य

• सन 1901 से 2019 तक रसायन विज्ञान में कुल 111 पुरस्कार 184 व्यक्तियों को प्रदान किया गया है।
• जिनमें एकल पुरस्कार 63, संयुक्त रूप से 2 लोगों को पुरस्कार 23 और संयुक्त रूप से 3 लोगों को पुरस्कार 25 प्रदान किए गए हैं।
• इस बात को याद रखें - नोबेल पुरस्कार अधिकतम 1 वर्ष में और एक क्षेत्र में केवल 3 ही लोगों के साथ साझा किया जा सकता है।
• इन वर्षों 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 और 1942 के लिए रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार प्रदान नहीं किए गए।
• रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार को सबसे कम उम्र में प्राप्त करने का रिकॉर्ड फ्रैडरिक जूलियट को प्राप्त है। उन्होंने सन 1935 का रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार मात्र 35 वर्ष की आयु में प्राप्त किया था।
• रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार को सबसे अधिक उम्र में प्राप्त करने का रिकॉर्ड जॉन बी. गुडएनफ को प्राप्त हुआ है। उन्होंने वर्ष 2019 का रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार 97 वर्ष की आयु में प्राप्त किया है।
• फ्रेडरिक सेंगर एकमात्र ऐसे व्यक्ति हैं; जिन्हें रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार वर्ष 1958 तथा 1980 को मिलाकर 2 बार दिया गया।
• रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार को प्राप्त करने वाले ऐसे दो व्यक्ति (एक महिला और एक पुरुष) थे; जिन्हें रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार के अलावा भी अलग क्षेत्र के नोबेल पुरस्कार प्राप्त थे / हुए।

1. मैरी क्यूरी को भौतिकी (1903) तथा रसायन विज्ञान (1911).
2. लिनुस पॉलिंग को रसायन विज्ञान (1954) और शांति (1962)

• नोबेल पुरस्कार को मरणोपरांत देने का प्रावधान नहीं है; हालांकि नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं के नाम की घोषणा के बाद यदि, किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु हो जाती है; तो ऐसे में उसे नोबेल पुरस्कार दिया जाता है।
• एडोल्फ हिटलर ने नोबेल पुरस्कार प्राप्त करने से तीन जर्मन नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं को मना किया - जिनमें से दो को रसायन विज्ञान में नोबेल पुरस्कार, 1938 में रिचर्ड कुह्न और 1939 में एडोल्फ बुटेनटैट को दिया गया था।
• रसायन विज्ञान में नोबेल पुरस्कार के लिए नामांकन केवल निमंत्रण के द्वारा होता है। नामांकितों के नाम और नामांकन के बारे में अन्य जानकारी 50 साल बाद तक गुप्त रखी जाती है।

***दोस्तों यह थे - रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार के कुछ त्वरित तथ्य; जिसे हमने जाना। आइए अब जानते हैं - की इस क्षेत्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता को किस तरह का पदक और डिप्लोमा दिया जाता है।

रसायन विज्ञान के लिए नोबेल पदक और डिप्लोमा

रसायन विज्ञान के लिए नोबेल पदक : रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता को पुरस्कार के तौर पर एक पदक भी दिया जाता है। द रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज का यह पदक - आइसिस से मिलती-जुलती देवी के रूप में प्रकृति का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। जो बादलों से निकलती है और उसकी बाहों में एक कॉर्नुकोपिया है। घूंघट जो उसके ठंड और चेहरे को कवर करता है। इस प्रकार का होता है। इस पदक पर लिखा होता है; "Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes".

रसायन विज्ञान के लिए नोबेल डिप्लोमा : रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल डिप्लोमा कला का एक अनूठा काम है; जो स्वीडिश और नार्वे के कलाकारों और सुलेखकों द्वारा बनाया जाता है।

दोस्तों रसायन विज्ञान नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता को पुरस्कार के तौर पर एक पदक एक डिप्लोमा तथा स्वीडिश क्रोनर (SEK) 9.0 मिलियन धनराशि निर्धारित की गई है। हालांकि, विजेता को दी जाने वाली राशि समय-समय पर बदलती रहती है।

***आइए दोस्तों अब हम रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची 1901 से तब तक की ओर बढ़ते हैं। याद रहे इस सूची की पीडीएफ फाइल पोस्ट के अंत में आप डाउनलोड कर पाएंगे।

रसायन शास्त्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेताओं की सूची - PDF Download के साथ

Year	Winners Name	Birth - Death & Country	Prize Motivation:
2019	John B. Goodenough	Born: 25 July 1922, Jena, Germany	"for the development of lithium-ion batteries"
	M. Stanley Whittingham	Born: 22 December 1941, United Kingdom
	Akira Yoshino	Born: 30 January 1948, Suita, Japan
2018	Frances H. Arnold	Born: 25 July 1956, Pittsburgh, PA, USA	"for the directed evolution of enzymes"
	George P. Smith	Born: 10 March 1941, Norwalk, CT, USA	"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
	Sir Gregory P. Winter	Born: 14 April 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom
2017	Jacques Dubochet	Born: 8 June 1942, Aigle, Switzerland	"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
	Joachim Frank	Born: 12 September 1940, Siegen, Germany
	Richard Henderson	Born: 19 July 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland
2016	Jean-Pierre Sauvage	Born: 21 October 1944, Paris, France	"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"
	Sir J. Fraser Stoddart	Born: 24 May 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Bernard L. Feringa	Born: 18 May 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands
2015	Tomas Lindahl	Born: 28 January 1938, Stockholm, Sweden	"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"
	Paul Modrich	Born: 13 June 1946, Raton, NM, USA
	Aziz Sancar	Born: 8 September 1946, Savur, Turkey
2014	Eric Betzig	Born: 13 January 1960, Ann Arbor, MI, USA	"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"
	Stefan W. Hell	Born: 23 December 1962, Arad, Romania
	William E. Moerner	Born: 24 June 1953, Pleasanton, CA, USA
2013	Martin Karplus	Born: 15 March 1930, Vienna, Austria	"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
	Michael Levitt	Born: 9 May 1947, Pretoria, South Africa
	Arieh Warshel	Born: 20 November 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (Now Israel)
2012	Robert J. Lefkowitz	Born: 15 April 1943, New York, NY, USA	"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
	Brian Kobilka	Born: 30 May 1955, Little Falls, MN, USA
2011	Dan Shechtman	Born: 24 January 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (Now Israel)	"for the discovery of quasicrystals"
2010	Richard F. Heck	Born: 15 August 1931, Springfield, MA, USA Died: 9 October 2015, Manila, Philippines	"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"
	Ei-ichi Negishi	Born: 14 July 1935, Changchun, China
	Akira Suzuki	Born: 12 September 1930, Mukawa, Japan
2009	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	Born: 1952, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
	Thomas A. Steitz	Born: 23 August 1940, Milwaukee, WI, USA Died: 9 October 2018, Branford, CT, USA
	Ada E. Yonath	Born: 22 June 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (Now Israel)
2008	Osamu Shimomura	Born: 27 August 1928, Kyoto, Japan Died: 19 October 2018, Nagasaki, Japan	"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
	Martin Chalfie	Born: 15 January 1947, Chicago, IL, USA
	Roger Y. Tsien	Born: 1 February 1952, New York, NY, USA Died: 24 August 2016, Eugene, OR, USA
2007	Gerhard Ertl	Born: 10 October 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany	"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
2006	Roger D. Kornberg	Born: 24 April 1947, St. Louis, MO, USA	"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
2005	Yves Chauvin	Born: 10 October 1930, Menin, Belgium Died: 27 January 2015, Tours, France	"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
	Robert H. Grubbs	Born: 27 February 1942, Possum Trot, KY, USA
	Richard R. Schrock	Born: 4 January 1945, Berne, IN, USA
2004	Aaron Ciechanover	Born: 1 October 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (Now Israel)	"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
	Avram Hershko	Born: 31 December 1937, Karcag, Hungary
	Irwin Rose	Born: 16 July 1926, Brooklyn, NY, USA Died: 3 June 2015, Deerfield, MA, USA
2003	Peter Agre	Born: 30 January 1949, Northfield, MN, USA	"for the discovery of water channels"
	Roderick MacKinnon	Born: 19 February 1956, Burlington, MA, USA	"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
2002	John B. Fenn	Born: 15 June 1917, New York, NY, USA Died: 10 December 2010, Richmond, VA, USA	"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
	Koichi Tanaka	Born: 3 August 1959, Toyama City, Japan
	Kurt Wüthrich	Born: 4 October 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland	"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
2001	William Knowles	Born: 1 June 1917, Taunton, MA, USA Died: 13 June 2012, Chesterfield, MO, USA	"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
	Ryoji Noyori	Born: 3 September 1938, Kobe, Japan
	Barry Sharpless	Born: 28 April 1941, Philadelphia, PA, USA	"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2000	Alan Heeger	Born: 22 January 1936, Sioux City, IA, USA	"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
	Alan MacDiarmid	Born: 14 April 1927, Masterton, New Zealand Died: 7 February 2007, Drexel Hill, PA, USA
	Hideki Shirakawa	Born: 20 August 1936, Tokyo, Japan
1999	Ahmed Zewail	Born: 26 February 1946, Damanhur, Egypt Died: 2 August 2016, Pasadena, CA, USA	"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
1998	Walter Kohn	Born: 9 March 1923, Vienna, Austria Died: 19 April 2016, Santa Barbara, CA, USA	"for his development of the density-functional theory"
	John Pople	Born: 31 October 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom Died: 15 March 2004, Chicago, IL, USA	"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
1997	Paul D. Boyer	Born: 31 July 1918, Provo, UT, USA Died: 2 June 2018, Los Angeles, CA, USA	"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
	John E. Walker	Born: 7 January 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom
	Jens C. Skou	Born: 8 October 1918, Lemvig, Denmark Died: 28 May 2018, Aarhus, Denmark	"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"
1996	Robert F. Curl Jr.	Born: 23 August 1933, Alice, TX, USA	"for their discovery of fullerenes"
	Sir Harold Kroto	Born: 7 October 1939, Wisbech, United Kingdom Died: 30 April 2016, Lewes, East Sussex, United Kingdom
	Richard E. Smalley	Born: 6 June 1943, Akron, OH, USA Died: 28 October 2005, Houston, TX, USA
1995	Paul J. Crutzen	Born: 3 December 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
	Mario J. Molina	Born: 19 March 1943, Mexico City, Mexico
	F. Sherwood Rowland	Born: 28 June 1927, Delaware, OH, USA Died: 10 March 2012, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
1994	George A. Olah	Born: 22 May 1927, Budapest, Hungary Died: 8 March 2017, Los Angeles, CA, USA	"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1993	Kary B. Mullis	Born: 28 December 1944, Lenoir, NC, USA Died: 7 August 2019, Newport Beach, CA, USA	"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
	Michael Smith	Born: 26 April 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom Died: 4 October 2000, Vancouver, Canada	"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus	Born: 21 July 1923, Montreal, Canada	"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1991	Richard R. Ernst	Born: 14 August 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland	"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
1990	Elias James Corey	Born: 12 July 1928, Methuen, MA, USA	"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1989	Sidney Altman	Born: 7 May 1939, Montreal, Canada	"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
	Thomas R. Cech	Born: 8 December 1947, Chicago, IL, USA
1988	Johann Deisenhofer	Born: 30 September 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany	"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
	Robert Huber	Born: 20 February 1937, Munich, Germany
	Hartmut Michel	Born: 18 July 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (Now Germany)
1987	Donald J. Cram	Born: 22 April 1919, Chester, VT, USA Died: 17 June 2001, Palm Desert, CA, USA	"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
	Jean-Marie Lehn	Born: 30 September 1939, Rosheim, France
	Charles J. Pedersen	Born: 3 October 1904, Pusan, Korea (Now South Korea) Died: 26 October 1989, Salem, NJ, USA
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach	Born: 18 June 1932, San José, CA, USA	"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
	Yuan T. Lee	Born: 19 November 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman	Born: 14 February 1917, New York, NY, USA Died: 23 October 2011, Buffalo, NY, USA	"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
	Jerome Karle	Born: 18 June 1918, New York, NY, USA Died: 6 June 2013
1984	Bruce Merrifield	Born: 15 July 1921, Fort Worth, TX, USA Died: 14 May 2006, Cresskill, NJ, USA	"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1983	Henry Taube	Born: 30 November 1915, Neudorf, Canada Died: 16 November 2005, Stanford, CA, USA	"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
1982	Aaron Klug	Born: 11 August 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania Died: 20 November 2018	"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
1981	Kenichi Fukui	Born: 4 October 1918, Nara, Japan Died: 9 January 1998, Kyoto, Japan	"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
	Roald Hoffmann	Born: 18 July 1937, Zloczov, Poland (Now Ukraine)
1980	Paul Berg	Born: 30 June 1926, New York, NY, USA	"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
	Walter Gilbert	Born: 21 March 1932, Boston, MA, USA	"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
	Frederick Sanger	Born: 13 August 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom Died: 19 November 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom
1979	Herbert C. Brown	Born: 22 May 1912, London, United Kingdom Died: 19 December 2004, Lafayette, IN, USA	"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
	Georg Wittig	Born: 16 June 1897, Berlin, Germany Died: 26 August 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (Now Germany)
1978	Peter Mitchell	Born: 29 September 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom Died: 10 April 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom	"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
1977	Ilya Prigogine	Born: 25 January 1917, Moscow, Russia Died: 28 May 2003, Brussels, Belgium	"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"
1976	William Lipscomb	Born: 9 December 1919, Cleveland, OH, USA Died: 14 April 2011, Cambridge, MA, USA	"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
1975	John Cornforth	Born: 7 September 1917, Sydney, Australia Died: 8 December 2013	"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
	Vladimir Prelog	Born: 23 July 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (Now Bosnia and Herzegovina) Died: 7 January 1998, Zurich, Switzerland	"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
1974	Paul J. Flory	Born: 19 June 1910, Sterling, IL, USA Died: 8 September 1985, Big Sur, CA, USA	"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules"
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer	Born: 10 November 1918, Munich, Germany Died: 23 July 2007, Munich, Germany	"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
	Geoffrey Wilkinson	Born: 14 July 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom Died: 26 September 1996, London, United Kingdom
1972	Christian Anfinsen	Born: 26 March 1916, Monessen, PA, USA Died: 14 May 1995, Randallstown, MD, USA	"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
	Stanford Moore	Born: 4 September 1913, Chicago, IL, USA Died: 23 August 1982, New York, NY, USA	"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
	William H. Stein	Born: 25 June 1911, New York, NY, USA Died: 2 February 1980, New York, NY, USA
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	Born: 25 December 1904, Hamburg, Germany Died: 3 March 1999, Ottawa, Canada	"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
1970	Luis Leloir	Born: 6 September 1906, Paris, France Died: 2 December 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina	"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
1969	Derek Barton	Born: 8 September 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom Died: 16 March 1998, College Station, TX, USA	"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
	Odd Hassel	Born: 17 May 1897, Kristiania (Now Oslo), Norway Died: 11 May 1981, Oslo, Norway
1968	Lars Onsager	Born: 27 November 1903, Kristiania (Now Oslo), Norway Died: 5 October 1976, Coral Gables, FL, USA	"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
1967	Manfred Eigen	Born: 9 May 1927, Bochum, Germany Died: 6 February 2019, Göttingen, Germany	"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
	Ronald G.W. Norrish	Born: 9 November 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom Died: 7 June 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom
	George Porter	Born: 6 December 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom Died: 31 August 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom
1966	Robert S. Mulliken	Born: 7 June 1896, Newburyport, MA, USA Died: 31 October 1986, Arlington, VA, USA	"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
1965	Robert B. Woodward	Born: 10 April 1917, Boston, MA, USA Died: 8 July 1979, Cambridge, MA, USA	"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	Born: 12 May 1910, Cairo, Egypt Died: 29 July 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom	"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
1963	Karl Ziegler	Born: 26 November 1898, Helsa, Germany Died: 12 August 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
	Giulio Natta	Born: 26 February 1903, Imperia, Italy Died: 2 May 1979, Bergamo, Italy
1962	Max F. Perutz	Born: 19 May 1914, Vienna, Austria Died: 6 February 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom	"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
	John C. Kendrew	Born: 24 March 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom Died: 23 August 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom
1961	Melvin Calvin	Born: 8 April 1911, St. Paul, MN, USA Died: 8 January 1997, Berkeley, CA, USA	"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1960	Willard F. Libby	Born: 17 December 1908, Grand Valley, CO, USA Died: 8 September 1980, Los Angeles, CA, USA	"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovsky	Born: 20 December 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (Now Czech Republic) Died: 27 March 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia	"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
1958	Frederick Sanger	Born: 13 August 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom Died: 19 November 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom	"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
1957	Lord Todd	Born: 2 October 1907, Glasgow, Scotland Died: 10 January 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom	"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
1956	Sir Cyril Hinshelwood	Born: 19 May 1897, London, United Kingdom Died: 9 October 1967, London, United Kingdom	"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
	Nikolay Semenov	Born: 3 April 1896, Saratov, Russia Died: 25 September 1986, Moscow, USSR
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	Born: 18 May 1901, Chicago, IL, USA Died: 11 December 1978, White Plains, NY, USA	"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
1954	Linus Pauling	Born: 28 February 1901, Portland, OR, USA Died: 19 August 1994, Big Sur, CA, USA	"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
1953	Hermann Staudinger	Born: 23 March 1881, Worms, Germany Died: 8 September 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
1952	Archer J.P. Martin	Born: 1 March 1910, London, United Kingdom Died: 28 July 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom	"for their invention of partition chromatography"
	Richard L.M. Synge	Born: 28 October 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom Died: 18 August 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom
1951	Edwin M. McMillan	Born: 18 September 1907, Redondo Beach, CA, USA Died: 7 September 1991, El Cerrito, CA, USA	"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
	Glenn T. Seaborg	Born: 19 April 1912, Ishpeming, MI, USA Died: 25 February 1999, Lafayette, CA, USA
1950	Otto Diels	Born: 23 January 1876, Hamburg, Germany Died: 7 March 1954, Kiel, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
	Kurt Alder	Born: 10 July 1902, Königshütte (Now Chorzów), Prussia (Now Poland) Died: 20 June 1958, Cologne, West Germany (Now Germany)
1949	William F. Giauque	Born: 12 May 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada Died: 28 March 1982, Berkeley, CA, USA	"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
1948	Arne Tiselius	Born: 10 August 1902, Stockholm, Sweden Died: 29 October 1971, Uppsala, Sweden	"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
1947	Sir Robert Robinson	Born: 13 September 1886, Rufford, near Chesterfield, United Kingdom Died: 8 February 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom	"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
1946	James B. Sumner	Born: 19 November 1887, Canton, MA, USA Died: 12 August 1955, Buffalo, NY, USA	"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
	John H. Northrop	Born: 5 July 1891, Yonkers, NY, USA Died: 27 May 1987, Wickenberg, AZ, USA	"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
	Wendell M. Stanley	Born: 16 August 1904, Ridgeville, IN, USA Died: 15 June 1971, Salamanca, Spain
1945	Artturi Virtanen	Born: 15 January 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (Now Finland) Died: 11 November 1973, Helsinki, Finland	"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"
1944	Otto Hahn	Born: 8 March 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany Died: 28 July 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
1943	George de Hevesy	Born: 1 August 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (Now Hungary) Died: 5 July 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
1942	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941
1940
1939	Adolf Butenandt	Born: 24 March 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany Died: 18 January 1995, Munich, Germany	"for his work on sex hormones"
	Leopold Ruzicka	Born: 13 September 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (Now Croatia) Died: 26 September 1976, Zurich, Switzerland	"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
1938	Richard Kuhn	Born: 3 December 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (Now Austria) Died: 31 July 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
1937	Norman Haworth	Born: 19 March 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom Died: 19 March 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom	"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
	Paul Karrer	Born: 21 April 1889, Moscow, Russia Died: 18 June 1971, Zurich, Switzerland	"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1936	Peter Debye	Born: 24 March 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands Died: 2 November 1966, Ithaca, NY, USA	"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
1935	Frédéric Joliot	Born: 19 March 1900, Paris, France Died: 14 August 1958, Paris, France	"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
	Irène Joliot-Curie	Born: 12 September 1897, Paris, France Died: 17 March 1956, Paris, France
1934	Harold C. Urey	Born: 29 April 1893, Walkerton, IN, USA Died: 5 January 1981, La Jolla, CA, USA	"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1933	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1932	Irving Langmuir	Born: 31 January 1881, Brooklyn, NY, USA Died: 16 August 1957, Falmouth, MA, USA	"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
1931	Carl Bosch	Born: 27 August 1874, Cologne, Germany Died: 26 April 1940, Heidelberg, Germany	"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
	Friedrich Bergius	Born: 11 October 1884, Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germany (Now Poland) Died: 30 March 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1930	Hans Fischer	Born: 27 July 1881, Hoechst, Germany Died: 31 March 1945, Munich, Germany	"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
1929	Arthur Harden	Born: 12 October 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom Died: 17 June 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom	"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
	Hans von Euler-Chelpin	Born: 15 February 1873, Augsburg, Germany Died: 6 November 1964, Stockholm, Sweden
1928	Adolf Windaus	Born: 25 December 1876, Berlin, Germany Died: 9 June 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)	"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"
1927	Heinrich Wieland	Born: 4 June 1877, Pforzheim, Germany Died: 5 August 1957, Munich, West Germany (Now Germany)	"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"
1926	The Svedberg	Born: 30 August 1884, Fleräng, Sweden Died: 25 February 1971, Örebro, Sweden	"for his work on disperse systems"
1925	Richard Zsigmondy	Born: 1 April 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (Now Austria) Died: 24 September 1929, Göttingen, Germany	"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"
1924	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1923	Fritz Pregl	Born: 3 September 1869, Laibach (Now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (Now Slovenia) Died: 13 December 1930, Graz, Austria	"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
1922	Francis W. Aston	Born: 1 September 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom Died: 20 November 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom	"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
1921	Frederick Soddy	Born: 2 September 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom Died: 22 September 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom	"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"
1920	Walther Nernst	Born: 25 June 1864, Briesen, Prussia (Now Germany) Died: 18 November 1941, Muskau, Germany	"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry"
1919	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1918	Fritz Haber	Born: 9 December 1868, Breslau (Now Wroclaw), Prussia (Now Poland) Died: 29 January 1934, Basel, Switzerland	"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
1917	No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1916
1915	Richard Willstätter	Born: 13 August 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany Died: 3 August 1942, Locarno, Switzerland	"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"
1914	Theodore W. Richards	Born: 31 January 1868, Germantown, PA, USA Died: 2 April 1928, Cambridge, MA, USA	"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"
1913	Alfred Werner	Born: 12 December 1866, Mulhouse, France Died: 15 November 1919, Zurich, Switzerland	"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry"
1912	Victor Grignard	Born: 6 May 1871, Cherbourg, France Died: 13 December 1935, Lyon, France	"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry"
	Paul Sabatier	Born: 5 November 1854, Carcassonne, France Died: 14 August 1941, Toulouse, France	"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years"
1911	Marie Curie	Born: 7 November 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland) Died: 4 July 1934, Sallanches, France	"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
1910	Otto Wallach	Born: 27 March 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia) Died: 26 February 1931, Göttingen, Germany	Germony
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	Born: 2 September 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia) Died: 4 April 1932, Leipzig, Germany	"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
1908	Ernest Rutherford	Born: 30 August 1871, Nelson, New Zealand Died: 19 October 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom	"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
1907	Eduard Buchner	Born: 20 May 1860, Munich, Bavaria (Now Germany) Died: 13 August 1917, Focsani, Romania	"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
1906	Henri Moissan	Born: 28 September 1852, Paris, France Died: 20 February 1907, Paris, France	"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"
1905	Adolf von Baeyer	Born: 31 October 1835, Berlin, Prussia (Now Germany) Died: 20 August 1917, Starnberg, Germany	"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
1904	Sir William Ramsay	Born: 2 October 1852, Glasgow, Scotland Died: 23 July 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom	"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
1903	Svante Arrhenius	Born: 19 February 1859, Vik, Sweden Died: 2 October 1927, Stockholm, Sweden	"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
1902	Emil Fischer	Born: 9 October 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (Now Germany) Died: 15 July 1919, Berlin, Germany	"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
1901	Jacobus H. van 't Hoff	Born: 30 August 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Died: 1 March 1911, Berlin, Germany	"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"

***तो दोस्तों यह है रसायन विज्ञान क्षेत्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता जिनकी सूची हमने देखी।

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